History of Burma From a Multi-ethnic Perspective

History of Burma by Saw Kyaw Zin Htun

Analysis on Francis Buchanan

Analysis on Francis Buchanan by Zwe Thit (Rammarmray)

အင်ဒိုနီးရှားနိုင်ငံ အကြောင်း သိကောင်းစရာ

ရေးသားသူ – ကောင်းစည်သူ(သုတအလင်းမဂ္ဂဇင်း)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

အင်ဒိုနီးရှားသမ္မတနိုင်ငံသည် အိန္ဒိယသမုဒ္ဒရာနှင့် ပစိဖိတ်သမုဒ္ဒရာအကြား၊ အရှေ့တောင်အာရှတွင် တည်ရှိ သည့် အချုပ်အခြာ အာဏာပိုင်ဆိုင်သော နိုင်ငံတစ်ခုဖြစ်ကာ ကျွန်းပေါင်း ၁၃၀၀၀ ကျော်ဖြင့် ဖွဲ့စည်းထားသည့် ကမ္ဘာ့အကြီးဆုံးသော ကျွန်းနိုင်ငံဖြစ်သည်။ ဧရိယာ ၇၃၅၃၅၈ စတုရန်းမိုင်ကျယ်ဝန်းသဖြင့် အင်ဒိုနီးရှားသည် ကမ္ဘာပေါ်တွင် ၁၄ ခုမြောက် ကုန်းမြေအကြီးဆုံး နှင့် သတ္တမမြောက် ပင်လယ်နှင့်ကုန်းမြေပူးပေါင်းဧရိယာ အ ကျယ်ဆုံးနိုင်ငံလည်းဖြစ်သည်။

The Rohingya, Rising Asian Islamophobia and the Tenuous State of Muslim- Buddhist Relations in Contemporary Southeast Asia

OXFORD ISLAMIC ONLINE STUDIES
Asst. Prof. Dr. Imtiyaz Yusuf
Lecturer and Director Center for Buddhist-Muslim Understanding College of Religious Studies Mahidol University

A Brief History of the Rohingya

I heard about the case of the Arakan Muslims some thirty years ago, when few people knew about them. The first ever well-documented information and research about the Rohingya, who were described as insurgents, was done by an Israeli diplomat named Moshe Yegar. Yegar was posted as the Second Secretary at the Israeli Embassy in Rangoon (Yangon) in 1960s. His two books, titled: Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar and The Muslims in Burma: A Study of a Minority Group, are indispensible in order to learn and research about the Rohingya and Muslims of Burma, both of whom have different historical trajectories (Yegar 1972).

ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ် မြန်မာ့လူမှုအဖွဲ့အစည်း နှင့် တရားမှု ခင်းများ - ဒေါက်တာတိုးလှ

1943 The British Military Administration of North Arakan

A unity of none

Bangkok Post  

17 Apr 2020 

 Life 

 Sawarin Suwichakornpong

 

Burmese Labyrinth: A History Of The Rohingya Tragedy by Carlos Sardiña Galache is impeccably researched and well worth a deep dive

 

In the morning of Aug 25, 2017, a group of militants belonging to the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) unco-ordinatedly attacked police and border guards in northern Arakan (Rakhine) state, killing at least 12 officers. The Myanmar Armed Forces, known as the Tatmadaw, retaliated by launching a military counter-insurgency campaign in order to capture the perpetrators who attacked the border garrisons.

How Arakan mosque symbolising Muslim-Buddhist unity was destroyed to rewrite Myanmar history

The Print

Habiburahman and Sophie Ansel  

3 November, 2019 

Habiburahman is a Rohingya who escaped detention, torture and persecution in Myanmar on a boat. He recounts how the Rohingya identity was erased. 

A camp in Rakhine State in Myanmar | Source: Foreign & Commonwealth Office/Flickr

 I am 13 years old and I live in a world full of anguish. Sinister stories are passed around our community in whispers. Fear has become our daily lot. Soldiers and nationalist extremists continue the ethnic cleansing in Arakan State. Many Rohingya prefer to relinquish their birth names for safety reasons, but this is no guarantee. 

ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးနွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ၿပည္သူ့လြွတ္ေတာ္တြင္ ေဆြးေႏြး

ၿပည္သူ့လြတ္ေတာ္

ဦးတင္ေအး(မက္မန္း မဲဆႏၵနယ္)
မိမိတို႔နိုင္ငံတြင္ တိုင္းရင္းသား မ်ိဳးႏြယ္စု ၁၀၀ ေက်ာ္ရွိၿပီး မူလတိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ိဳးႏြယ္စုတြင္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ မပါ သည္ကို အားလုံးသိရွိၿပီးျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ အမည္သည္ ၿဗိတိသၽွကိုလိုနီကာလ တစ္ေလၽွာက္လုံး တြင္ တရားဝင္စာရြက္ စာတမ္းမ်ားမရွိသည့္ အမည္ျဖစ္ၿပီး လြတ္လပ္ေရးရၿပီးေနာက္ပိုင္း နိုင္ငံေရးအရ လူ မ်ိဳးသစ္ တစ္ခုအျဖစ္ ဖန္တီးလာျခင္းျဖစ္ပါေၾကာင္း၊ အဂၤလိပ္ကိုလိုနီအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးမွတ္တမ္းေတြ ထိန္းသိမ္း ထားသည့္ လန္ဒန္ရွိ India Office Record (မွတ္တမ္း)တြင္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာဆိုသည့္ ေဝါဟာရ ေဖာ္ျပထားျခင္းမရွိ သည္ကို ေလ့လာသိရွိခဲ့ပါေၾကာင္း၊ ယခင္အစိုးရလက္ထက္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံတြင္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ မရွိေၾကာင္း နိုင္ငံ ေတာ္သမၼတႀကီး ဦးသိန္းစိန္မွ UNHCR အႀကီးအကဲ Antonia Guterres ႏွင့္ ေတြ႕အခ်ိန္ တြင္ လည္း ေကာင္း၊ နယ္သာလန္ခရီးစဥ္တြင္လည္းေကာင္း ေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္ကို ေတြ႕ရွိရပါေၾကာင္း၊

ျမန္မာ့သမိုင္းႏွင့္ တိုင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ိဳးမ်ားတြင္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ မရွိပါ

၁။      ေရွးျမန္မာ့သမိုင္းရာဇဝင္မ်ားအရ ေအဒီ ၁၅ ရာစု ေခတ္ကာလက ရခိုင္ဘုရင္အဆက္ဆက္၏ လက္ေအာက္တြင္ သုံ႔ပန္းအျဖစ္ ဖမ္းဆီးေခၚယူလာသည့္ အိႏၵိယ ႏြယ္ဖြားမ်ားကို လယ္ယာလုပ္ငန္းႏွင့္ အျခားလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ အသုံးျပဳရန္ ေခၚယူခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အေထာက္အထားမ်ားအရ ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိရပါသည္။

၂။      ေအဒီ(၁၆၅၂-၁၆၇၄)တြင္ ရခိုင္ဘုရင္ စႏၵသုဓမၼဂ်ာထံသို႔ သၽွားရႊဂ်ာမင္းသား ခိုလႈံေရာက္ရွိလာၿပီး ၎ႏွင့္အတူ မြတ္စလင္ ေလးသည္ေတာ္ ကမန္မ်ား ပါရွိလာခဲ့ပါသည္။ ရခိုင္ဘုရင္ စႏၵိဇယမင္း ေအဒီ (၁၇၁၀-၁၇၃၁)လက္ထက္တြင္ မြတ္စလင္ေလးသည္ေတာ္ ကမန္မ်ား ေတာ္လွန္ပုန္ကန္သျဖင့္ စစ္ေတြ နွင့္ရမ္းျဗဲေဒသမ်ားသို႔ နယ္ႏွင္ဒဏ္ေပးခဲ့ပါသည္။

A Review of “The Hidden History of Burma: Race, Capitalism, and the Crisis of Democracy in the 21st Century”

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
October 10, 2019

Blog Post by Guest Blogger for Asia Unbound and Joshua Kurlantzick

Hunter Marston is a doctoral candidate at Australian National University.

Myanmar author Thant Myint-U speaks during the DSC Jaipur Literature Festival (JLF) in Jaipur, India on January 23, 2012. Prakash Singh/AFP/Getty Images

In the run-up to Myanmar’s elections next year, there is little positive news to report about a country that seemed like a democratic success story less than five years ago. On Aung San Suu Kyi’s watch, over the past four years the country has seen a regression in press freedom, expanded usage of anti-defamation laws and a general crackdown on speech, and massive rights abuses in western Myanmar’s Rakhine State. Although over one million Rohingya have already fled Rakhine, and chaos is engulfing the state again, as the military battles the Buddhist, ethnic Rakhine Arakan Army; the fighting is spreading, as army units reportedly have been attacking civilians as well. Fighting has ramped up in other ethnic minority areas as well, in the north and northeast, and Suu Kyi’s government also has made little headway towards serious economic reform either. Her government has shown little ability to develop or implement economic policy, tourists are scared off by the country’s deteriorating international image, inbound investment is falling, and Suu Kyi reportedly remains focused on the shaky peace process with ethnic rebels, not paying enough attention to the country’s dire economic needs. (To be fair, in recent months the National League for Democracy (NLD) has appeared to take up some reformist ideas, calling for changes to Myanmar’s constitution that would dilute the power of the military and potentially foster democratic progress.)

ျမန္မာ့သမိုင္းထဲမွ ရ ႏၲပို

ျမန္မာ့သမိုင္းထဲမွ ရ ႏၲပို
ေမာင္သာ(ေရွ႕ေဟာင္းသုေတသန)

၂ဝ၁၄ ခုႏွစ္ ဒီဇင္ဘာလပထမပတ္အတြင္းက ေနာ္ေဝနိုင္ငံပဥၥမေျမာက္ ဟာရယ္ဘုရင္ႏွင့္ မိဖုရားဆြန္ ယာတို႔သည္ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံသို႔ ခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရးခရီးလာေရာက္ လည္ပတ္ခဲ့ၾကရာ ခရီးစဥ္ အတြင္း ပထမ အဂၤလိပ္-ျမန္မာ စစ္ပြဲစစ္ေျပၿငိမ္း စာခ်ဳပ္ခ်ဳပ္ဆိုခဲ့သည့္ ရႏၲပိုရြာတြင္ စိုက္ထူ ထားေသာ အထိမ္းအမွတ္ ေက်ာက္စာတိုင္ကို သြားေရာက္ ၾကည့္ရႈခဲ့ၾကသည္။

MUSLIM TREACHERY & VIOLENCE IN MYANMAR

Lankaweb
Posted on May 17th, 2019
Dr. Daya Hewapathirane

The Muslim community associated with Myanmar or former Burma, known as Rohingya Muslims are not indigenous to Myanmar. They are a relatively recent migrant community of Myanmar. Most of these Muslims are illicit immigrants who migrated from Muslim neighborhood regions of Bengal India during the British colonial period and later from East Pakistan or the present Bangladesh. The Myanmar government s of the past and present do not consider Rohingya Muslims as legitimate citizens of Myanmar. The people of Myanmar consider the Rohingya people as illegal immigrants. Myanmar’s Muslims account for an estimated 04% of the total Myanmar population of about 60 million. In 2012, there were about 800,000 Rohingya Muslims living in Rohang, the western state of Myanmar known officially as Rakhine or Arakan. 

 

THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF BURMA (MYANMAR)

Badar Mukam

Badar Mukam by on Scribd

ခေတ်လေးခေတ် တရုတ်မြန်မာ ဆက်ဆံရေး ချစ်ကြည်ရေး ကြည်ညွန်

ခေတ်လေးခေတ် တရုတ်မြန်မာ ဆက်.. by on Scribd

Pin Lon by U Pe Khin ဦးဖေခင်- ကိုယ်တွေ့ပင်လုံ

Pin Lon by U Pe Khin by on Scribd

The Glass Palace Chronicles of Kings of Burma translated by Pe Maung Tin

The Glass Palace Chronicles... by on Scribd

History of Burma by Sir Arthur P. Phayre

History of Burma by Sir Art... by on Scribd

Vaishali and Indianization of Arakan

Vaishali and Indianization ... by on Scribd

History Book (Part 2) Third Dhanyawaddy Age

History Book (Part 2) by on Scribd